on internet
Aug. 23rd, 2010 04:08 am![[personal profile]](https://www.dreamwidth.org/img/silk/identity/user.png){kind=small}
109некоторые мнэ... физики утверждают, что программа, созданная и внедрённая в ЦЕРНе, затем привела к созданию интернета.
а вот как это было на самом деле (сокращено, ссылка ведёт на полную версию):
1964
Paul Baran publishes research paper "On Distributed Communications Networks" about packet-switching networks without single outage point
1965
TX-2 at MIT Lincoln Lab and AN/FSQ-32 at System Development Corporation (Santa Monica, CA) are directly linked (without packet switches) via a dedicated 1200bps phone line; Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) computer at ARPA later added to form "The Experimental Network"
1969
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc. (BBN) awarded Packet Switch contract to build Interface Message Processors (IMPs) in January
ARPANET commissioned by DoD for research into networking
First 4 nodes:
Node 1: UCLA (30 August, hooked up 2 September)
System,OS: SDS SIGMA 7, SEX
Node 2: Stanford Research Institute (SRI) (1 October)
SDS940/Genie
Node 3: University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB) (1 November)
IBM 360/75, OS/MVT
Node 4: University of Utah (December)
DEC PDP-10, Tenex
First Request for Comment (RFC): "Host Software" by Steve Crocker (7 April)
1971
15 nodes (23 hosts): UCLA, SRI, UCSB, Univ of Utah, BBN, MIT, RAND, SDC, Harvard, Lincoln Lab, Stanford, UIU(C), CWRU, CMU, NASA/Ames
1972
RFC 318: Telnet specification
1973
Bob Metcalfe's Harvard PhD Thesis outlines idea for Ethernet. The concept was tested on Xerox PARC's Alto computers, and the first Ethernet network called the Alto Aloha System (May)
RFC 454: File Transfer specification
Christmas Day Lockup - Harvard IMP hardware problem leads it to broadcast zero-length hops to any ARPANET destination, causing all other IMPs to send their traffic to Harvard (25 December)
1974
Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn publish "A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection" which specified in detail the design of a Transmission Control Program (TCP).
1976
Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom sends out an email on 26 March from the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment (RSRE) in Malvern
UUCP (Unix-to-Unix CoPy) developed at AT&T Bell Labs and distributed with UNIX one year later.
1978
TCP split into TCP and IP (March)
Possibly the first commercial spam message is sent on 1 May by a DEC marketer advertising an upcoming presentation of its new DECSYSTEM-20 computers
RFC 748: TELNET RANDOMLY-LOSE Option
True Names by Vernor Vinge
1982
DCA and ARPA establish the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP), as the protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, for ARPANET.
- This leads to one of the first definitions of an "internet" as a connected set of networks, specifically those using TCP/IP, and "Internet" as connected TCP/IP internets.
- DoD declares TCP/IP suite to be standard for DoD
1983
Desktop workstations come into being, many with Berkeley UNIX (4.2 BSD) which includes IP networking software
FidoNet developed by Tom Jennings
1984
Neuromancer by William Gibson
Kremvax message announcing USSR connectivity to USENET
Number of hosts breaks 1,000
1987
Number of hosts breaks 10,000
1988
2 November - Internet worm burrows through the Net, affecting ~6,000 of the 60,000 hosts on the Internet
DoD chooses to adopt OSI and sees use of TCP/IP as an interim
Internet Relay Chat (IRC) developed by Jarkko Oikarinen
1989
Number of hosts breaks 100,000
1990
ARPANET ceases to exist
RFC 1178: Choosing a Name for Your Computer
(For example, a distributed database had been built on top of several computers. Each one had a different name. One machine was named "up", as it was the only one that accepted updates. Conversations would sound like this: "Is up down?" and "Boot the machine up." followed by "Which machine?")
1991
Wide Area Information Servers (WAIS), invented by Brewster Kahle, released by Thinking Machines Corporation
Gopher released by Paul Lindner and Mark P. McCahill from the Univ of Minnesota
World-Wide Web (WWW) released by CERN; Tim Berners-Lee developer. First Web server is nxoc01.cern.ch, launched in Nov 1990 and later renamed info.cern.ch
PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) released by Philip Zimmerman
/109 is connected to the internet via 2400/NONE modem
а вот как это было на самом деле (сокращено, ссылка ведёт на полную версию):
1964
Paul Baran publishes research paper "On Distributed Communications Networks" about packet-switching networks without single outage point
1965
TX-2 at MIT Lincoln Lab and AN/FSQ-32 at System Development Corporation (Santa Monica, CA) are directly linked (without packet switches) via a dedicated 1200bps phone line; Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) computer at ARPA later added to form "The Experimental Network"
1969
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc. (BBN) awarded Packet Switch contract to build Interface Message Processors (IMPs) in January
ARPANET commissioned by DoD for research into networking
First 4 nodes:
Node 1: UCLA (30 August, hooked up 2 September)
System,OS: SDS SIGMA 7, SEX
Node 2: Stanford Research Institute (SRI) (1 October)
SDS940/Genie
Node 3: University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB) (1 November)
IBM 360/75, OS/MVT
Node 4: University of Utah (December)
DEC PDP-10, Tenex
First Request for Comment (RFC): "Host Software" by Steve Crocker (7 April)
1971
15 nodes (23 hosts): UCLA, SRI, UCSB, Univ of Utah, BBN, MIT, RAND, SDC, Harvard, Lincoln Lab, Stanford, UIU(C), CWRU, CMU, NASA/Ames
1972
RFC 318: Telnet specification
1973
Bob Metcalfe's Harvard PhD Thesis outlines idea for Ethernet. The concept was tested on Xerox PARC's Alto computers, and the first Ethernet network called the Alto Aloha System (May)
RFC 454: File Transfer specification
Christmas Day Lockup - Harvard IMP hardware problem leads it to broadcast zero-length hops to any ARPANET destination, causing all other IMPs to send their traffic to Harvard (25 December)
1974
Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn publish "A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection" which specified in detail the design of a Transmission Control Program (TCP).
1976
Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom sends out an email on 26 March from the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment (RSRE) in Malvern
UUCP (Unix-to-Unix CoPy) developed at AT&T Bell Labs and distributed with UNIX one year later.
1978
TCP split into TCP and IP (March)
Possibly the first commercial spam message is sent on 1 May by a DEC marketer advertising an upcoming presentation of its new DECSYSTEM-20 computers
RFC 748: TELNET RANDOMLY-LOSE Option
True Names by Vernor Vinge
1982
DCA and ARPA establish the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP), as the protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, for ARPANET.
- This leads to one of the first definitions of an "internet" as a connected set of networks, specifically those using TCP/IP, and "Internet" as connected TCP/IP internets.
- DoD declares TCP/IP suite to be standard for DoD
1983
Desktop workstations come into being, many with Berkeley UNIX (4.2 BSD) which includes IP networking software
FidoNet developed by Tom Jennings
1984
Neuromancer by William Gibson
Kremvax message announcing USSR connectivity to USENET
Number of hosts breaks 1,000
1987
Number of hosts breaks 10,000
1988
2 November - Internet worm burrows through the Net, affecting ~6,000 of the 60,000 hosts on the Internet
DoD chooses to adopt OSI and sees use of TCP/IP as an interim
Internet Relay Chat (IRC) developed by Jarkko Oikarinen
1989
Number of hosts breaks 100,000
1990
ARPANET ceases to exist
RFC 1178: Choosing a Name for Your Computer
(For example, a distributed database had been built on top of several computers. Each one had a different name. One machine was named "up", as it was the only one that accepted updates. Conversations would sound like this: "Is up down?" and "Boot the machine up." followed by "Which machine?")
1991
Wide Area Information Servers (WAIS), invented by Brewster Kahle, released by Thinking Machines Corporation
Gopher released by Paul Lindner and Mark P. McCahill from the Univ of Minnesota
World-Wide Web (WWW) released by CERN; Tim Berners-Lee developer. First Web server is nxoc01.cern.ch, launched in Nov 1990 and later renamed info.cern.ch
PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) released by Philip Zimmerman
/109 is connected to the internet via 2400/NONE modem
![[identity profile]](https://www.dreamwidth.org/img/silk/identity/openid.png){kind=small}
(no subject)
Date: 2010-08-23 06:32 pm (UTC)(no subject)
Date: 2010-08-23 07:06 pm (UTC)(no subject)
Date: 2010-08-23 09:26 pm (UTC)а первую 286 я увидел ещё в ГИПХе, в 1989. доступа к ней у меня, правда, не было, а был доступ к эвм искра-1030 с жёстким диском на 10 МБ и русским языком программирования с командами типа СТОП! ПОШЁЛ! НЕ ТУДА!